Geography and Climate:
Patiala is a part of the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains and its land is composed of the materials brought from the Himalayas by the rivers of the plain. This accumulation of materials, having occurred around 1.8 million years ago, is a relatively recent phenomenon. The land is virtually flat and the district has an average elevation of 250 meters from the sea level.

In spite of this simplicity, there are some variations to be found in the surface. The district can be divided in three parts based upon these differences in the surface:

(1)The Upland Plain: This type of land covers more approximately 80% of the surface area in the district. The surface is generally smooth except for the presence of sand dunes in the western part.

(2)The Cho-infested Plain: Covering almost four percent of the district area, most of the plain falls in the Rajpura Tehesil. The plain is at higher elevation compared to the rest of the district and a number of chos (seasonal streams) are present in the area. The Chandigarh-Ambala highway marks the western boundary of the plain, whereas its eastern boundary coincides with the boundary of the district.

(3)The Flood Plains of the River Ghaggar: This terrain accounts for the remaining sixteen percent of the land in the district. The terrain runs along, what was once the mighty Ghaggar River, through the district with an average width of not more than 6 kilometres.

There are four seasons in the district:
(1)Winters – November to February
(2)Summers – February to June
(3)Monsoon – July to mid-September
(4)Autumn – mid-September to November

The climate is generally dry and hot except of the rainy season which on an average lasts for 36 days. Both the winters and the summers are extreme; the temperature in the summer season can touch 48º C and it can come down to 1º C in the winter season.